Measurement and Prediction of Volumetric and Transport Properties of Reservoir Fluids at High Pressure

نویسندگان

  • H. B. DE SANT'ANA
  • D. M. JENSEN
چکیده

Les dŽcouvertes de pŽtrole ou de gaz dans des conditions sŽvres de tempŽrature (plus de 150¡C) ou de pression (plus de 50 MPa) se comptent dans plusieurs bassins ˆ travers le monde. En mer du Nord, on prŽvoit de mettre en production des gisements dont les conditions de fond vont jusqu'ˆ 110 MPa et 190¡C. Ces caractŽristiques constituent un dŽfi pour la prŽdiction des propriŽtŽs des fluides de gisement, aussi bien au niveau expŽrimental que thŽorique. Dans le but d'Žtudier les fluides ˆ ces tempŽratures et pressions, l'IFP a construit un Žquipement ˆ haute pression sans mercure, ŽquipŽ de hublots en saphir, d'une cellule de prŽlvement de phase, et d'un dispositif de mesure de viscositŽ par la mŽthode du tube capillaire. Son application est illustrŽe ici par des exemples de fluides rŽels et des mŽlanges synthŽtiques. L'Žquipement a ŽtŽ employŽ en premier lieu pour mesurer les propriŽtŽs volumŽtriques des gaz. Il appara”t ainsi que des facteurs de compressibilitŽ trs ŽlevŽs peuvent tre atteints avec des gaz ˆ condensat HP-HT. Les consŽquences en sont importantes sur les taux de rŽcupŽration envisageables. De manire ˆ amŽliorer la prŽdiction des propriŽtŽs volumŽtriques des mŽlanges dans ces conditions, on propose d'utiliser une Žquation d'Žtat classique, comme celle de Peng-Robinson, avec deux amŽliorations: Ð une translation de volume amŽliorŽe, mise au point sur la base de donnŽes de masse volumique ˆ haute pression ; cette mŽthode est simple, plus prŽcise que les mŽthodes antŽrieures de translation de volume, et cohŽrente avec les procŽdures de regroupement classiques ; Ð une rgle de mŽlange quadratique sur le covolume. Des comportements particuliers peuvent aussi se rencontrer en matire d'Žquilibres de phase. Ë basse tempŽrature, les paraffines peuvent cristalliser ˆ partir du fluide, qui est pourtant un gaz ˆ condensat ˆ la tempŽrature du gisement. Cette caractŽristique est due ˆ l'abondance simultanŽe de mŽthane et de paraffines lourdes. Une Žtude de fluides synthŽtiques dans une cellule saphir nous a permis d'identifier les types de diagramme de phase possibles. Bien qu'elle ne soit gŽnŽralement pas considŽrŽe comme un paramtre important, la viscositŽ du gaz peut jouer un r™le significatif dans la production des gisements HP-HT, car les vitesses de production sont parfois trs ŽlevŽes. Les modles de prŽdiction de la viscositŽ prŽsentent des incertitudes importantes,

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تاریخ انتشار 1999