Measurement and Prediction of Volumetric and Transport Properties of Reservoir Fluids at High Pressure
نویسندگان
چکیده
Les dcouvertes de ptrole ou de gaz dans des conditions svres de temprature (plus de 150¡C) ou de pression (plus de 50 MPa) se comptent dans plusieurs bassins travers le monde. En mer du Nord, on prvoit de mettre en production des gisements dont les conditions de fond vont jusqu' 110 MPa et 190¡C. Ces caractristiques constituent un dfi pour la prdiction des proprits des fluides de gisement, aussi bien au niveau exprimental que thorique. Dans le but d'tudier les fluides ces tempratures et pressions, l'IFP a construit un quipement haute pression sans mercure, quip de hublots en saphir, d'une cellule de prlvement de phase, et d'un dispositif de mesure de viscosit par la mthode du tube capillaire. Son application est illustre ici par des exemples de fluides rels et des mlanges synthtiques. L'quipement a t employ en premier lieu pour mesurer les proprits volumtriques des gaz. Il apparat ainsi que des facteurs de compressibilit trs levs peuvent tre atteints avec des gaz condensat HP-HT. Les consquences en sont importantes sur les taux de rcupration envisageables. De manire amliorer la prdiction des proprits volumtriques des mlanges dans ces conditions, on propose d'utiliser une quation d'tat classique, comme celle de Peng-Robinson, avec deux amliorations: Ð une translation de volume amliore, mise au point sur la base de donnes de masse volumique haute pression ; cette mthode est simple, plus prcise que les mthodes antrieures de translation de volume, et cohrente avec les procdures de regroupement classiques ; Ð une rgle de mlange quadratique sur le covolume. Des comportements particuliers peuvent aussi se rencontrer en matire d'quilibres de phase. Ë basse temprature, les paraffines peuvent cristalliser partir du fluide, qui est pourtant un gaz condensat la temprature du gisement. Cette caractristique est due l'abondance simultane de mthane et de paraffines lourdes. Une tude de fluides synthtiques dans une cellule saphir nous a permis d'identifier les types de diagramme de phase possibles. Bien qu'elle ne soit gnralement pas considre comme un paramtre important, la viscosit du gaz peut jouer un rle significatif dans la production des gisements HP-HT, car les vitesses de production sont parfois trs leves. Les modles de prdiction de la viscosit prsentent des incertitudes importantes,
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